Mast cells were originally considered wanderin~g histiocytes, but are now known to derive from the bone marrow and enter the tissues as immature or precursor ceils which then differentiate under micro-environmental influences such as interleukin-3. At least three types of mature mast cells have been identified as serosal (lung, peritoneal, skin), mucosal (nasal, gastrointestinal) and brain (dural, perivascular, parenchymal) with their own distinct biochemical, morphological and functional characteristics. Mast cells are necessary for immediate hypersensitivity reactions where they release numerous biologically powerful me~Iiators in response to immunogiobulin E (IgE) and antigen (Ag), and appear to be required for delayed reactions. Anaphylatoxins, basic peptides and ~rugs, as well as certain neuropeptides and hormones, can also trigger mast cell secretion. Recent evidence indicates that mast cells are found in close proximity to neurons, an association which may be regulated by nerve growth ctor. Moreover, mast cells may be capable of selective release of mediators which could, in turn, regulate further secretion. This information suggests that mast cells may serve as a link between the immune, endocrine ana v nervous systems and could have an important role in the access of lymphocytes and pathogens to the brain. The possible role of such interactions in the pathophysiology of specific neuroL6flammatory conditions is also discussed.
Read Full Article (PDF)